Family memorial arches in Anhui Province, central China. During the late Ming (AD 1368-1644) and Ching (AD1644-1911), prosperous mercantile communities erected these paifang, and the best preserved are here in Tangyue village in Shexian District. Three were built in the Ming Dynasty and four in the Qing Dynasty, in the successive order of loyalty, filial piety, women's chastity and charity. Each was built in relation with a moving story and vividly reveals moral values in one way or another.